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62.
Kosuke Yoshihara Takayuki Enomoto Daisuke Aoki Yoh Watanabe Junzo Kigawa Nobuhiro Takeshima Hyoe Inomata Kana Hattori Masahisa Jinushi Hitoshi Tsuda Toru Sugiyama 《Cancer science》2020,111(9):3350-3358
Whether germline (g) breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutations are located within or outside the ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR) (1380‐4062 bp for gBRCA1, and between 3249‐5681 bp and 6645‐7471 bp for gBRCA2) may influence risk variations for ovarian cancers. This ad hoc analysis of the CHARLOTTE epidemiological study in Japan assessed the distribution of gBRCA1/2 mutations in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, and investigated an association between gBRCA1/2 mutation locations and ovarian cancer risk. Differences in patient background and clinical characteristics in subgroups stratified by gBRCA1/2 mutation locations were also evaluated. We analyzed the data of 93 patients (14.7%) from the CHARLOTTE study who were positive for gBRCA1/2 mutations. After excluding 16 cases with L63X founder mutation, 28 (65.1%) of gBRCA1 mutations were within the OCCR. Of 30 gBRCA2 mutations, 15 (50.0%) were within the OCCR. Of 27 patients (one patient excluded for unknown family history) with gBRCA1 mutations located in the OCCR, 11 (40.7%) had a family history of ovarian cancer; the proportion of patients with a family history of ovarian cancer and gBRCA1 mutations outside the OCCR was lower (13.3%). Sixty percent of patients with gBRCA1 mutations outside the OCCR had a family history of breast cancer; the proportion of patients with a family history of breast cancer and gBRCA1 mutations within the OCCR was relatively lower (33.3%). Understanding the mutation locations may contribute to more accurate risk assessments of susceptible individuals and early detection of ovarian cancer among gBRCA mutation carriers. 相似文献
63.
目的:药学干预对喹诺酮类抗菌药物临床合理用药的影响效果。方法:选取2017年4月~2018年3月、2018年4月~2019年3月两时段就诊的患者,分别设为对照阶段、观察阶段,在两个阶段内于某院就诊且接受喹诺酮类抗菌药物治疗患者各选取115例,分别作为观察组及对照组,实施或未实施药学干预,分析组间干预效果差异。结果:观察组干预后喹诺酮类抗菌药物引发的不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后不合理使用率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:药学干预对喹诺酮类抗菌药物临床合理用药能够产生积极影响效果。 相似文献
64.
Mariusz Holtzer Rafa Dako Sylwester Piasny Micha Kubecki Dariusz Droyski Agnieszka Roczniak Mateusz Skrzyski Angelika Kmita 《Materials》2021,14(10)
The assessment of the harmfulness of moulding and core sands is mainly based on investigations of compositions of gases emitted by liquid casting alloys during the mould pouring. The results of investigations of moulding sands obtained under industrial conditions are presented in this paper. A unique research stand was designed and built for this aim. It allowed us to determine emissions of gases at individual stages of casting a mass up to 50 kg. This approach enables simulation of foundry conditions. Moulding sands bound by organic binders (phenol-formaldehyde; furan), inorganic binders and green sand, were subjected to investigations. The composition of gases that evolved during the individual stages, pouring, cooling and knocking out, was tested each time, and the contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BETX) were analysed. Investigations indicated that the emission of gases from sands with inorganic binders is negligible when compared with the emission of gases from sands with organic binders. The emission of gases from green sand is placed in the middle of the scale. As an example: the sand with furan resin emitted 84 mg of BTEX (in recalculation for 1 kg of sand) while from sands with inorganic binders there was a maximum of 2.2 mg (for 1 kg of sand). In the case of sands with inorganic binders, MI and MC sands indicated comparable and very low emissions of gases from the PAHs group, at the level of 0.018 mg and 0.019 mg for 1 kg of sand, respectively. The higher emission of PAHs from MG sand is the result of its different way of hardening (a binder was of an organic character) than of sands MI and MC. 相似文献
65.
在当前国际制药技术出现重大创新和变革、药品研发技术信息化和数字化程度不断发展,以及新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情大流行的背景下,欧盟委员会为满足未竟临床需求、激励行业创新、增强监管系统应变能力、巩固欧盟药品监管体系国际地位,于2020年底发布了《欧洲药物战略》(Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe,PSE)。PSE被视为欧洲未来5年卫生政策的“基石”,对欧洲制药领域发展和管理具有重要指导意义。通过对PSE制定背景及发展战略目标、具体举措等内容进行梳理分析,并结合中国COVID-19疫情防控与行业发展、药品科学监管与鼓励创新等实际工作提出政策建议。 相似文献
66.
《Vaccine》2022,40(48):6971-6978
Background and aimsRecent studies have reported poor humoral immune response to mRNA vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). However, the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 (vector-based) and BBV152 (inactivated virus) vaccines in patients with CLD and liver transplant recipients (LTRs) is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to assess the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 and BBV152 vaccines in patients with CLD (including cirrhosis patients) and LTRs.MethodsIn this single-center prospective study, consecutive completely vaccinated (ChAdOx1 or BBV152) non-cirrhosis CLD patients, those with cirrhosis, and LTRs were compared with matched healthy controls for anti-spike antibody and cellular response.ResultsSixty healthy individuals, 50 NCCLD patients, 63 compensated and 50 decompensated cirrhosis, and 17 LTRs were included. The proportion of non-responders was similar among the healthy control (8 %), non-cirrhosis CLD (16 %), and compensated cirrhosis groups (17.5 %;p = 0.3). However, a higher proportion of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (34 %) and LTRs (59 %) were non-responders than the healthy controls (p = 0.001). Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4-effector cells were lower in patients with non-cirrhosis CLD and compensated cirrhosis. CD4-naïve, CD4-effector, B, and B-memory cells were lower in the decompensated cirrhosis group. Although the central memory cells were higher in the decompensated cirrhosis group, they could not differentiate into effector cells. CD4- and CD8-naïve cells were higher in the marrow in the LTRs, while the CD4-effector memory cells and CD4- and CD8-effector cells were lower in the LTRs. Furthermore, B cells were more deficient in the LTRs, suggesting poor antibody response.ConclusionPatients with decompensated cirrhosis and LTRs demonstrated suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses against recombinant and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. 相似文献
67.
Tolbert G. Nyenswah Mosaka Fallah Geoffrey M. Calvert Stanley Duwor E. Dutch Hamilton Vishwesh Mokashi Sampson Arzoaquoi Emmanuel Dweh Ryan Burbach Diane Dlouhy John E. Oeltmann Patrick K. Moonan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2015,21(7):1253-1256
Lack of trust in government-supported services after the death of a health care worker with symptoms of Ebola resulted in ongoing Ebola transmission in 2 Liberia counties. Ebola transmission was facilitated by attempts to avoid cremation of the deceased patient and delays in identifying and monitoring contacts. 相似文献
68.
Objective
This study seeks to examine how the extent of socioeconomic deprivation, racial and ethnic isolation, and health disadvantage differ among Medicare beneficiaries in Mississippi. Methods: Geographical information system (GIS) mappings are used in conjunction with cluster analysis to examine patterns of disparities in disease distribution, healthcare utilization and socioeconomic well-being among different counties in Mississippi.Results
Results reveal that counties in these two clusters are markedly different in terms of socio-economic well-being but are somewhat similar in terms of disease distributions and healthcare utilization.Conclusion
Addressing the geographic disparities in disease distribution and healthcare utilization that exist among the counties should be a public health priority. Specifically, health policies and programs should be renewed to target people living in counties that are either predominantly rural or predominantly Black or have higher percentages of population living below the poverty level. 相似文献69.
A roadmap for the selection of a pharmaceutical salt form for a development candidate is presented. The free base of the candidate did not have sufficient chemical stability for development. The initially selected salt form turned out to be undevelopable because it was unstable during scale-up synthesis and storage. The rationale for the new solid form screening and the criteria for selection are discussed. Before the final selection, the pH solubility profiles of the 2 new salts, a benzoate and a besylate, were compared. Atypical solubility behavior was observed for the benzoate salt in hydrochloric acid with and without normal saline. A scheme is proposed illustrating how the pKas of the counterion and active pharmaceutical ingredient, the medium composition, and final pH affect the solubility and solution equilibria of the 2 selected salt forms. This scheme also includes the equilibria between solution and solid phases in different pH ranges. The pharmaceutical importance of this research is that it sheds light on how the acidity of the counterion can affect the solubility of the selected salt form in the gastric environment. With a well-designed formulation strategy, this property potentially can be translated to optimal biopharmaceutical performance of the drug product. 相似文献
70.